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• Author: pstatz. • Date of Publication: 02.15.10. 02.15.10 • Time of Publication: 8:45 pm. 8:45 pm FTP for Beginners It was in the dark ages of the Reagan era when I logged my first encounter with the File Transfer Protocol. I was involved in some nefarious video game-trading ring of the innocently naive variety, and a friend of mine had that hot new copy of Vladivostok Putting Challenge that I wanted oh so badly.
The only problem was that he lived all the way on the other side of Orange County. Being too young to drive, neither of us had access to a car, and snail mail was just too darned slow. I wanted to lay down sloping fifteen-footers and rub it in the face of the Reds today, not in a week. “No problem,” my friend assured me. “Just log in to my server and grab it with FTP.” “FTP? What is that?” I asked. My friend let out an sigh and gave me the quick run down of the Internet protocol that would forever transform my life.
Last I heard, my friend is collecting Galaxie 500s in Michigan, so calling him up with your FTP questions isn’t really an option anymore. Lucky for you, I’m here to give you a holier-than-thou sigh of my own and send you down the dharma path. For those of you who are entirely new to this whole game, we’ll start with a basic primer on the most comely of acronyms. Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • What is FTP? FTP is short for File Transfer Protocol. A protocol is a set of rules that networked computers use to talk to one another. And FTP is the language that computers on a TCP/IP network (such as the internet) use to transfer files to and from each other.
You’ve probably encountered FTP out there on the net already. Ever downloaded a fresh nightly build of or grabbed MP3s from some kid’s personal server in Sweden?
Then you have probably used FTP without even knowing it. Today’s web browsers allow you to download files via FTP from within the browser window. It’s very convenient, and it’s great for those times you need to download a file or two, but the browser-download method does not offer much in the realm of flexibility. You can’t upload, force a particular transfer mode, or ask the server any questions. And don’t even get me started on the security issue.
But if you are doing any sort of web development, you need all this functionality. The best way to pursue file transfers is with a bona fide FTP client. You use an FTP client to log into an FTP server, navigate the server’s folder structure, and exchange files.
That’s pretty much all FTP clients do — unlike Web browsers, FTP clients are tailor-made for such duties. The latest full-featured web editors like and have FTP fuctions built-in. As far as stand-alone FTP clients go, there are literally hundreds out there. Some are free, some are more expensive than a night on the town. We’ll take an in-depth look at the joy of using an FTP client in the pages that follow, but first, let’s look at exactly how an FTP session works. Logging In Connecting to an FTP server is very similar to connecting to just about any other server on the Web. When you log in to your Hotmail account or a secure shopping cart system (such as the one at Amazon.com), you have to provide a server address, a user name, and a password before you can exchange information with the server.
Let’s take a look at an example login set for an FTP server. Site:ftp.fakesite.org login:mcalore pass:h4x0r4lyfe port:21 The first line in the example above, the site address, is simply the address of the FTP server that I’m connecting to. The “ftp” in the prefix of the URL identifies it as an FTP server. Pretty straightforward so far. The second and third lines are my user name and password, respectively. In this particular case, I have already had the server administrator set up a login account for me on the server.
Even if I didn’t have a login account, I still might be able to gain access to the server by logging in anonymously. We’ll go into that more a little later. The last line of the example login is the port number that I’m connecting to on the server. A port is best envisioned as a little door on the server. Most servers on the web have a multitude of such doors, each with its own purpose. Each port number is dedicated to a corresponding application on the server, and the traffic intended for an application (such as an FTP server or web server) passes through the application’s dedicated door. Each port handles a specific type of transaction between the server and client.
For example, the FTP protocol is handled by ports 20 and 21 by default. HTTP (the protocol that’s used to serve web pages to a browser) requests are handled by port 80. Often, the port number will be attached to the end of the server’s Web address, separated by a colon, like this: ftp.fakesite.org:21 It isn’t important that you know for each internet application out there, but you have to be able to recognize a port number when you see one. This becomes especially critical when you are connecting to servers that route FTP connections to other, more obscure ports. Note: This quandry brings up the sometimes-confusing issue of passive FTP versus active FTP, two different modes of data transfer between a client and a server.
Which one is being used depends on how the client and server firewalls are set up. Since this issue is beyond the scope of this article, I will point you to a detailed discussion of active versus passive FTP over. So don’t be alarmed if you notice that your FTP connection is jumping to port 1013 all of sudden — that’s just your data being routed via passive FTP. Anonymous FTP Many public servers on the Internet allow users to log in and download files via FTP by connecting anonymously. Magic Photo Editor Full Version Software Free Download For Windows 7. This is a very common practice in the world of open-source and freely distributed software. When you connect anonymously to an FTP server, you’re not really anonymous in the truest sense.
Most of the time, you are required to enter “anonymous” as your user name and your email address as your password. This is a gesture of courtesy toward the server administrators so that they can get some idea of who’s logging in and downloading their files. Even if you are connecting anonymously and you aren’t required to give any personal information during the connection process, any sysadmin worth her salt is logging your session.
This means that if you do anything nasty or illegal, the server administrator has your number (quite literally, your host domain and IP address). You can be put on probation, blocked, or prosecuted. So, here’s a tip to remember:anonymous is never really anonymous as far as anonymous FTP is concerned. Check Out the Logs on That Server! Sometimes, the easiest way to wrap your head around a new concept is to dig in and examine the bare bones. In this case, we can learn a lot by simply reading the log from an FTP session.
All FTP servers and clients will log FTP sessions. A log is basically a text record of all of the activity that goes on during a session. Your client should save your FTP logs locally, so you can open them up in a text editor and have a peek at all the nitty-gritty FTP commands and transfer hoo-hah. Let’s take a look at a sample FTP log. I’m logging in to my server with the user name “mcalore”. This log simply shows my client connecting to the server, logging in, and asking for the list of files inside the default directory on the server. That’s all that’s going on here!
Status:Connecting to ftp.fakesite.org. Status:Connected with ftp.fakesite.org. Response:220 ProFTPD 1.2.4 Server (ProFTPD) [109.41.xx.xxx] Command:USER mcalore Response:331 Password required for mcalore.
Command:PASS ********** Response:230 User mcalore logged in. Status:Connected Status:Retrieving directory listing. Command:PWD Response:257 '/users/mcalore' is current directory. Command:LIST Response:150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for file list. Response:226 Transfer complete. Status:Directory listing successful Starting at the beginning of the log, you can see that my FTP client wants to connect to the server at fakesite.org. My client knows that the server is active and waiting, so it sends the first command, which is “USER mcalore”.
The server says, “OK, but I need a password”. My FTP client sends the next command, which is “PASS ********”. This is all pretty simple — my client sends a Command, and the server sends back a Response. The communication goes on like this during the entire session. It looks like my client and my server are becoming fast friends, eh? There are several commands that a client can send to an FTP server to find out information, switch directories, or request files.
In the sample log above, the PWD command — which should be familiar to Unix users — is used to find out the current directory you’re working in on the server. You can view a full list of FTP commands on.
Even though your client will take care of all the server commands for you, a good Monkey should be able to look at the logs and understand what’s going on. At this point, you’re just about ready to grab your own FTP client and start experimenting. However, by showing you the sample FTP log, I opened a can of worms that we haven’t discussed yet:transfer modes. ASCII versus Binary Let’s go back to the last four lines of the sample log that we examined in the previous section. Command:LIST Response:150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for file list.
Response:226 Transfer complete. Status:Directory listing successful See that server response that reads “Opening ASCII mode data connection for file list”?
That’s very important. File transfers over FTP take two different forms, ASCII and binary. ASCII, otherwise known as American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a set of 128 symbols that any computer in the world can display.
You may be familiar with,, and. Any file that is made up of text or text-based components, such as an HTML file, text file, or PostScript file, is an ASCII file. Binary files, on the other hand, are structured differently, and therefore require a different style of transfer. Images, applications, and algorithmically generated packages such as.zip and.tar files are all binary file types.
Just about every FTP client out there will automatically detect which transfer mode is required and treat your uploads and downloads accordingly. Most clients run in binary transfer mode by default, only using ASCII mode when it’s absolutely needed. This is because both ASCII and binary files can be sent in binary mode with no problems, but sending a binary file in ASCII mode will corrupt the binary file’s structure. ASCII mode makes for faster transfers, but if you accidentally upload a Microsoft Word file or JPG image in ASCII mode, your file will hit the server dead on arrival. If there’s any question, transfer in binary mode. Of course, we wouldn’t have such a handy rule without one exception:CGI scripts.
You must use ASCII mode when sending CGI scripts. They just won’t work otherwise! Luckily, any files ending in.pl or.cgi are usually recognized as CGI scripts by your FTP client. Quickly, here are some guidelines: These file types are safe for ASCII transfer • Text files • HTML files • CGI scripts These file types must be transferred in binary mode • Images • Applications •.zip,. Avatar University Hacked. sit or.tar packages • Proprietary file formats such as.doc,.xls,.fla,.swf • Anything that’s not made entirely of text characters! Now that you possess basic knowledge of the File Transfer Protocol and its many gifts, how about digging in and actually trying out some clients? Thought I’d never ask, huh? Giants Among Clients Most FTP clients in the less-than-US$40 range have all of the basic features that you’ll need to become a power FTP user.
Even so, it may take a short period of trial and error before you find an FTP client that you totally jive with.
NcFTP Client NcFTP Client Home Page NcFTP Client (also known as just NcFTP) is a set of FREE application programs implementing the File Transfer Protocol (FTP). The current version is: 3.2.6 (November 27, 2016). The program has been in service on UNIX systems since 1991 and is a popular alternative to the standard FTP program, /usr/bin/ftp. NcFTP offers many ease-of-use and performance enhancements over the stock ftp client, and runs on a wide variety of UNIX platforms as well as operating systems such Microsoft Windows and Apple Mac OS X. For more information about the client,. For more information about our server product, please see the home page.
The programs are free, but we would appreciate a donation if you find them useful. Your support allows us to keep maintaining the project! Documentation • - Frequently Asked Questions • How to report a • • - FTP browser program • - command-line utility program • - command-line utility program • - command-line utility program • - background FTP program for individual users • - background batch FTP service for systems • - The Clarified Artistic License Download Visit our page to obtain the source code or compiled executables. If you find it useful, please consider our software if you wish to provide FTP service. Other resources • • • • • • Please do not send mail to. You will be permanently black-listed if you send mail to that address.